Amongst the many reasons for the development of halitosis, there are four that are the most common.
Xerostomia (the medical term for a dry mouth): This is the perfect environment for the rapid development and spread of anaerobic bacteria. A dry mouth can be caused by smoking, alcohol, snoring and even talking for a long time. Bad breath is common in the morning as, during the night, when asleep, saliva production is reduced and this can lead to a dry mouth. Also, sufferers from a dry mouth caused by reduced saliva production may find that the temporary smell caused by the food we eat, which is usually eliminated by our saliva in a short time, may lead to a chronic problem that needs treatment.
Food: Some foods can exacerbate bad breath. These include onions and garlic, both of which naturally contain sulfur compounds. Other foods, including dairy, meat and fish products have dense proteins which are an ideal food source for the sulfur producing bacteria. Other ideal breeding grounds for the bacteria can be found in refined and processed sugar as well as in the acidic environment caused by drinking coffee and fruit juices.
Bad dental hygiene practices: bad or inadequate oral care is another reason for the accumulation of bacteria on the teeth and gums. As the teeth cannot regenerate themselves the way that skin does, the surface of the tooth is an ideal place for the buildup of bacteria. This buildup can remain for long periods of time and develop into what is known as dental plaque, especially if proper oral hygiene is not practiced. A problem can arise when the plaque begins to develop and concentrate along the gum line. Over time, it hardens, becoming increasingly difficult to remove and the increased bacterial activity can begin to destroy the teeth and gums. If this situation is allowed to continue, gum diseases which provide the perfect environment (bleeding gums and diseased oral tissues) for the anaerobic bacteria can appear. These include diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. Bad dental hygiene will also cause increased tooth decay which will also intensify the problem – as will dirty or poorly fitting dentures.
Infections and disease: Research indicates that approximately 10% of all halitosis case are caused by infections and/or disease.
- Some of the illnesses associated with bad breath with symptoms such as a dry mouth, include lung, kidney, and liver disorders, diabetes, cancer, infections of the respiratory tract and metabolic disorders.
- Additionally, sinusitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, post nasal drip, and polyps which affect the airways and nasal passages, are yet another contributory factor.
- Other illnesses that can contribute to the development of halitosis include: nasal odor, tonsil stones, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Zenker diverticulum, yeast infections in the mouth cavity, and gum disease.
- Some prescribed drugs have also been known to reduce saliva production and cause a dry mouth. They include antidepressants, high blood pressure medications, and antihistamines.
Important tip: Halitosis is almost never a symptom of a life threatening disease or disorder. However, should you suffer from chronic white spots on the tonsils and mouth sores, with or without a high temperature you should consult your doctor or dentist as soon as possible. Bad breath can be a side effect pointing to the development of potentially serious and possible fatal disorders. These include cancer of the mouth and/or throat, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), digestive system disorders, or diabetes. It can also be an indication of a zinc deficiency or dehydration. Proper care of your teeth and a visit to your dentist at least twice a year can provide early warning of potentially serious medical conditions.
